C-41 Film is like Foveon: ; It has three layers (4 for Fuji) stacked on top of each other, in accordance with the color spectrum (the layers are in a specific order because of where they fall on the light spectrum). ; From the top it's blue, green then red sensitive.
Anyway, the second image, using the BLUE flash caused the blue layer to overload/overexpose, thereby becoming the primary image that was visible, but by doing so, not much of the other colors were allowed to expose on the second exposure, so the red and green channels from the previous exposure were still intact "underneath" - visible by removing the blue.
In theory you should be able to duplicate this if you process a photo in RAW rather than JPEG on digital (except for the Sigma branded Foveon sensors - they should be able to duplicate this) as RAW is supposed to allow you access to the actual Bayer sensor figures for each "group" of pixels - remember bayer is GRGB - those 4 sensors make up 1 pixel (except on Foveon, Fuji's Super CCD, and Nikon's new design - which actually uses a unique microlens system to create their own Bayer filter on the sensor rather than as a filter itself)
I may have to try this myself[nb]Of course, after I get some gels...[/nb]....and you're making want to add the Holga to my next purchase.